The DCCT cohort was less than 39 years old at entry and was followed for only a mean of 6.5 years. Epidemiologic data had previously suggested that coronary artery disease may become apparent in most type 1 patients only after age 40. Therefore, the macrovascular disease rates in the DCCT were low, and no significant differences between intensive vs. standard management were seen. However, trends suggested a beneficial effect of intensive management to reduce the number of; pooled major macrovascular events. An event was defined as death secondary to cardiovascular disease or sudden death, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty, angina confirmed by angiography, or ischemic changes on noninvasive testing. In addition, major cardiovascular events (fatal or nonfatal stroke) and major peripheral vascular events (amputation, bypass or angioplasty, or claudication with objective evidence) were included.
The number of macrovascular events (40) in the conventionally treated group was greater than that in the intensively treated group (23), but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Mean total serum cholesterol and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in the intensively treated group (p < 0.01), suggesting that long-term benefits may occur.
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It’s not just your pre-and post-event meals that influence your performance. Consuming a high carbohydrate diet every day will help you reach peak performance. The G.I. factor of the carbohydrate is not important here, only the amount of carbohydrate. It has been proven scientifically, unlike many other rumours involving dietary supplements, that eating lots of high carbohydrate foods will maximise muscle glycogen stores and thereby increase endurance.
The reason for this is that carbohydrate stores need to be replenished after each training session, not just after a race. If you train on a number of days per week, make sure you consume a high carbohydrate diet throughout the whole week.
Keep alcohol intake moderate—no more than one to three standard drinks per day and try to have two alcohol-free days a week. A standard drink is equivalent to one glass of wine (120 ml), one middy of beer (285 ml) or one nip of spirits (30 ml).
Beer is not a good source of carbohydrate. When athletes fail to consume adequate carbohydrate each day, muscle and liver glycogen stores may eventually became depleted. Dr Ted Costill at the University of Texas showed that the gradual and chronic depletion of stored glycogen may decrease endurance and exercise performance. Intense work-outs often two to three times a day, draw heavily on the athlete’s muscle glycogen stores. Athletes on a low carbohydrate diet will not perform their best because muscle stores of fuel are low.
If the diet provides inadequate amounts of carbohydrate, the reduction in muscle glycogen will be critical. A heavily training athlete should consume about 500 to 800 grams of carbohydrate a day (about two to three times normal) to help prevent carbohydrate depletion. In practice, few Australian athletes achieve this enormous figure. As a comparison, a typical Australian man or woman eats only 240 grams of carbohydrate each day.
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Tags: Diabetes
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